Pelvic Floor Diseases | Turkey | Assoc. Dr Orçun Yalav

Rectal Prolapse

Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum, the lower part of the large intestine, slips outside the anus. This medical condition can affect individuals of any age but is most common in older adults, particularly women over 50. The severity of rectal prolapse can vary, ranging from mild, where only the mucosal layer protrudes, to complete prolapse where the entire rectal wall comes out of the anus.

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Rectocele

Rectocele, commonly referred to as a posterior vaginal wall prolapse, occurs when the thin wall of fibrous tissue separating the rectum from the vagina weakens. This condition allows the rectal wall to bulge into the vaginal canal. Rectoceles are typically caused by childbirth, chronic constipation, or heavy lifting which put prolonged pressure on the pelvic floor.

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Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum. When the walls of these blood vessels stretch, they become irritated. Although hemorrhoids can be unpleasant and painful, they are often manageable and can even be prevented with proper care.

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Perianal Fistula

Perianal fistula is an abnormal tunnel that develops around the anus and travels through the intestine towards the anus. This tunnel allows intestinal contents to pass out of the body and leads to persistent infections. Perianal fistulas often occur as a result of infections, such as chronic perianal abscess, and if left untreated, can cause serious discomfort.

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Perianal Abscess

Perianal abscess is an infection-focussed collection of pus that develops in the tissues around the anus. This can cause painful swelling and discomfort.

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Common Pelvic Floor Diseases

Rectal Prolapse: It is the prolapse of the last section of the large intestine (rectum) out of the anus. It often manifests itself with difficulty defecating and pain.

Rectocele: It occurs when the front wall of the rectum weakens and pushes towards the vagina. This can cause problems such as difficulty going to the toilet and painful defecation.

Hemorrhoids: It is the inflammation and swelling of the enlarged vascular cushions located inside or outside the anal canal. It can present symptoms with pain, itching and bleeding.

Perianal Fistula: It is an abnormal channel or pathway around the anus, usually formed as a result of the discharge of an abscess. Fistula often discharges and can cause pain.

Perianal Abscess: An infection condition characterized by pus accumulation under the skin around the anus or rectum. It manifests itself with severe pain and swelling.

Treatment Methods

Treatment Methods for Rectal Prolapse and Rectocele:

Surgical methods: Operations performed to strengthen the pelvic floor and place the prolapsed organs in their original places.

Conservative treatments: Supportive treatments with physical therapy and pelvic floor exercises.

Treatment Methods for Hemorrhoids:

Medical treatments: Medications used to reduce pain and inflammation.

Minimally invasive procedures: Methods such as band ligation or sclerotherapy.

Surgical intervention: Hemorrhoidectomy applied for severe cases.

Perianal Fistula and Perianal Treatment Methods for Abscess:

Drainage and surgery: Abscess drainage and surgical cleaning of the fistula tract.

Drug therapy: Antibiotics to control infection and speed healing.

In the treatment of these diseases, general surgeons determine the most appropriate treatment method according to the patient's condition and the severity of the disease. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are critical in the management of such pelvic floor disorders.