Digestive system cancers are types of cancer that affect the digestive system organs. The digestive system includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum and anus, starting from the mouth. In addition, organs that help digestion such as the liver and pancreas can also be included in this group.
Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a type of cancer that starts in the colon (large intestine) or the rectum. This type of cancer usually begins as small, noncancerous (benign) clumps of cells called polyps that form on the inside of the colon. Over time, some of these polyps can become colon cancers. Early detection through screening is crucial for effective treatment and management.
Rectal cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the rectum, the last part of the large intestine. It usually occurs when small, benign cell clusters called polyps turn into cancer over time. With early diagnosis and treatment, rectal cancer can be managed successfully.
Gastric cancer, commonly known as stomach cancer, occurs when malignant cells form in the lining of the stomach. This type of cancer is often diagnosed at a later stage because it rarely causes symptoms in the early stages. Risk factors include a diet high in salty and smoked foods, smoking, and chronic stomach inflammation.
Esophageal cancer develops in the tissues of the esophagus, the long, hollow tube that runs from your throat to your stomach. This type of cancer typically starts in the cells lining the inside of the esophagus and can occur anywhere along the esophagus. Men are more likely to develop esophageal cancer than women, and it has two main types: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, depending on which type of cells the cancer begins in.
Cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC (Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy) is a specialized treatment approach for managing advanced abdominal cancers, particularly those with peritoneal carcinomatosis. This two-step treatment begins with cytoreductive surgery to remove visible tumors in the abdominal cavity, followed by HIPEC, which involves circulating heated chemotherapy drugs within the abdomen to kill remaining cancer cells.
Here are some basic characteristics of digestive system cancers:
Symptoms: Symptoms of digestive system cancers can vary depending on the type of cancer, but some common symptoms include weight loss, difficulty swallowing, abdominal pain, blood in the stool, and digestive problems.
Diagnosis and Treatment: Diagnosis is usually made with a physical exam, imaging tests (ultrasound, CT or MRI), and biopsy. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
Early diagnosis plays an important role in the treatment process. It is important to consult a health care professional if you experience any symptoms.
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